Sikh Women's Health Initiative

Breastfeeding can be a beautiful and deeply personal experience, and for Punjabi/Sikh mothers, it has cultural significance as well. Breastfeeding not only nurtures a newborn but also allows mothers to form a bond with their child. While many traditional practices promote breastfeeding, modern challenges can sometimes make it hard.

This is a very important topic – data shows that Sikh mothers are 33% more likely to stop breastfeeding before their child is 2 years old, compared to Hindu mothers. This is why it is so important to talk about this topic, and ways to navigate it.

Here’s what you should know to navigate breastfeeding successfully, blending cultural practices with modern considerations.

Cultural Significance of Breastfeeding

In Punjabi/Sikh culture, breastfeeding has long been thought of as the healthiest and most spiritual form of nourishment. Breast milk, or “maa da doodh,” is not just about nutrition but is also seen as a blessing that strengthens the mother-child bond.

Postpartum rest

“Sawa mahina” is the first 5 weeks (or up to 40 days) after childbirth, a period for rest and recovery in our culture. Some families may even observe “jaappa” – a 40-day period of self-confinement for recovery after delivery. If participating in these traditions, you can use this time to establish a breastfeeding routine and bond with your baby.

Role of family and elders

Traditionally, older women in the family (especially mothers or mother-in-law) will support new mothers and share breastfeeding tops based on their experience. Families may see breastfeeding as a natural duty and expect mothers to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months. Remember that you don’t need to struggle due to family pressure. Have an open conversation with your family, spouse, and doctor if you are having issues or feeling defeated.

Balancing traditional advice with medical guidance

While older generations in your family may offer advice on breastfeeding, it’s very important to combine their generational wisdom with current, updated medical adice based on science and research (medical knowledge has changed since the time they were new mothers). For example, some traditional practices may advise starting solid foods early for babies, but modern science and organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), recommend only milk for the first six months before starting foods such as purees.

Breastfeeding and Spiritual Well-Being

For Sikh mothers, breastfeeding is seen as a continuation of the selfless service (seva) a mother performs for her child. It is a form of devotion, nurture, and love. Some mothers also find peace and spiritual strength in this practice, using it as a time for quiet reflection, prayer, or listening to Gurbani.

However, it’s also important to acknowledge that breastfeeding can sometimes be physically and emotionally exhausting. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, reach out for help from your partner, family, or community. Self-care is essential for both your well-being and your ability to care for your baby.

Dietary/Nutrition to Support Lactation

Diet is a main part of postpartum recovery and lactation in Punjabi traditions.

Traditional foods

Mothers are often given ghee-rich foods, “panjiri” (a nutritious mix of hearty dry fruits, nuts, and seeds), and warm foods to improve production of milk and help restore their strength after giving birth. These foods are thought to provide energy and boost the supply of breast milk.

Traditional teas and drinks, like fennel or carom needs soaked in water – “ajwain paani” or “saunf paani” – may also be given to help milk supply.

Balanced diet

While these traditional foods are helpful, it’s important to eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits, vegetables, protein, and plenty of water. If you are unsure about any of these practices or safety of your diet while breastfeeding, talk to your doctor or your child’s doctor.

Balancing Culture and Modern Life

While traditions are often rooted in the home life, modern life can have challenges for breastfeeding mothers.

Going to work or not having privacy to breastfeed in public can be stressful. In some cases, older family members may not fully understand these difficulties if they didn’t experience them.

To navigate this:

1. Modesty concerns:
   • Breastfeeding is natural and respected, but some mothers might feel uncomfortable breastfeeding in public.
   • Breastfeeding is your right, and you shouldn’t feel ashamed to nourish your baby.
   • If modesty is a concern, use nursing covers or dupatta for privacy when breastfeeding in public.
   • Many workplaces and public spaces (malls, offices, schools) now have designated nursing areas.
2. Working mothers:
   • Returning to work early or not having the privacy to breastfeed in public spaces can be stressful. In some cases, older family members may not fully understand these challenges if their own experiences were different.
   • Learn about pumping to store breast milk, so you can still breastfeed if you’re not at home with your baby.
   • Know your rights regarding maternity leave and breastfeeding accommodations. Many countries have laws in place that ensure you can take time to breastfeed or express milk at work.
     • In the United States, under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), most employees have the right to reasonable break time and a place to express breast milk privately at work (other than a bathroom) for up to one year after childbirth.
   • Learn about your workplace policies on pumping breaks. Advocate for yourself!
3. Support systems:
   • Join breastfeeding support groups, either local or online (find these easily on Google!)
   • Seek guidance from a lactation consultant right after you give birth or after you start your journey, especially if you have difficulty with latching, low milk supply, or pain during breastfeeding.
   • Many healthcare providers can provide care that is sensitive to your culture and values. If you do not feel comfortable, do not be afraid to advocate for yourself or find a provider that is more culturally aware – they exist in many hospitals, clinics, insurance plans, and community centers.

Key Takeaways:

• Honor tradition but stay informed: While traditional practices with breastfeeding are valuable, don’t hesitate to find and follow updated medical advice.
• Find a balance between family advice and your own instincts: Trust your maternal instincts and get professional support when needed, even if it goes against some traditional advice.
• Eat well to support your milk supply: A balanced diet that includes both traditional foods (like panjiri and ghee) and modern nutritional guidance (fruits, vegetables) is important.
• Know your rights and seek support: If you’re having challenges breastfeeding at work or in public, know that you have legal protections. Also, don’t be afraid to find support groups or lactation experts.
• Take care of your spiritual well-being: Breastfeeding can be a spiritually fulfilling experience, but it can also be tiring. Don’t forget to take time to care for yourself and ask for help when you need it. Remember that being healthy and happy for your baby is what is best, even if breastfeeding takes a back seat.

Breastfeeding can be rewarding, but sometimes challenging. Remember to embrace the ricch Punjabi traditions but also follow modern advice and resources. Ultimately, you should navigate this in the way that is best for you.

References:

Malhotra R, Noheria A, Amir O, Ackerson LK, Subramanian SV. Determinants of termination of breastfeeding within the first 2 years of life in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey-2. Matern Child Nutr. 2008;4(3):181-193. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00130.x